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South Carolina | Theme

Memory

Interviewees:
  • Elizabeth Chew
    • CEO, South Carolina Historical Society
  • Annette Guild
    • Metadata Specialist, South Carolina Historical Society
  • Melina Testin
    • Education Coordinator, South Carolina Historical Society

South Carolina’s most distinctive Revolutionary commemoration moment is Carolina Day on June 28, marking the Patriot victory at Sullivan’s Island. After fading to a simple ringing of the bells at St. Michael’s Church, it was resurrected in the 1990s and now features parades, lectures, and speeches. The 250th anniversary is bringing reenactments and major civic events across the state. The Fourth of July has had a more complicated path. South Carolinians abandoned it during the Civil War as “the enemy’s holiday,” although their 1860 secession document had borrowed from the Declaration. It was Black Charlestonians who reclaimed the Fourth after emancipation, with grand parades, picnics at White Point Garden, public readings of the Declaration, and speeches by Black Republican leaders, a tradition driven underground after 1877 but kept alive in churches and homes well into the twentieth century.

South Carolina was among the wealthiest of the thirteen colonies and the only one where enslaved Black people formed a majority, producing an extraordinarily stratified society divided between Low Country planters and a poorer, marginalized backcountry. It moved toward independence early, building a shadow government and adopting its own constitution in March 1776, months before the Declaration arrived. During the week before the Continental Congress approved the Declaration, Patriots had repelled the British navy at the Battle of Sullivan's Island—still commemorated as Carolina Day. As in many colonies, the Revolution in South Carolina looked as much like a civil war as a war for independence. Roughly a quarter of white residents actively opposed it, and Loyalists fought neighbors at Kings Mountain and Cowpens. Few states saw more battles or greater upheaval. Elite women left a rich documentary record illuminating the complexities of their wartime lives. Throughout the war, Catawba, Cherokee, and Creek struggled with complicated diplomatic choices. In 1782, roughly 5,000 formerly enslaved South Carolinians departed with the British.

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About

How was national independence anticipated, debated, and enacted in each of the original 13 states during the American Revolution?

How has national independence, particularly the ideas articulated in the Declaration of Independence, been remembered and invoked over the last 250 years?

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