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New Jersey | Theme

Memory

Interviewees:
  • William Krakower
    • Resource Interpretive Specialist, Princeton Battlefield State Park
  • Todd Braisted
    • Royal Provincial Research

New Jersey's memory of the Revolution unfolded through commemorations that both celebrated independence and reflected the state's complicated loyalties. By the 1826 Jubilee, festivities had settled into fireworks, parades, and bonfires. A notable collection of Fourth of July orations, spanning the late eighteenth century through 1960 and held at the Alexander Library at Rutgers University, documents how the holiday's meaning shifted across generations. The 1876 Centennial featured, fittingly for New Jersey, a reproduction of a Loyalist officer's belt plate, a reminder of the state's divided wartime identity. In the nineteenth century, suffragist Lucy Stone quoted the Declaration's preamble before the New Jersey state assembly to argue that taxation without representation applied equally to women. She was invoking a remarkable and largely forgotten precedent: New Jersey had briefly allowed property-owning women to vote from 1776 until 1807, when that right was revoked.

New Jersey was home to a mixed economy (agrarian, ironworks, and lumber) and it was a place where contradictory views regarding race, class, gender, and loyalty played out in conflicts throughout the state, earning the nickname, the “Crossroads of the American Revolution.” When independence came in July 1776, the state faced extraordinary military pressure as British and Hessian troops massed nearby, and it saw more battles on its soil than any other state. Allegiances shifted constantly—even Declaration signer Richard Stockton briefly swore an oath to the Crown—and at times Loyalists outnumbered Patriots. The state, like all others, embodied a stark contradiction regarding liberty. Colonists decried British “slavery” while enslaving thousands. Enslaved men like Cudjo Banquante won freedom through service, while others such as Colonel Tye fought for the British. 

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About

How was national independence anticipated, debated, and enacted in each of the original 13 states during the American Revolution?

How has national independence, particularly the ideas articulated in the Declaration of Independence, been remembered and invoked over the last 250 years?

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