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New Jersey | Perspective

Elected officials

Interviewees:
  • William Krakower
    • Resource Interpretive Specialist, Princeton Battlefield State Park
  • Todd Braisted
    • Royal Provincial Research

New Jersey's politicians in 1776 were divided by the same loyalties fracturing the broader population. Richard Stockton, a Declaration signer and Princeton's most eminent citizen, was captured late in 1776 by a Loyalist unit formed from Monmouth County men who had joined the British. Imprisoned in New York, he signed an oath of allegiance to the Crown and was released. This moment was later overlooked by commemorators who remembered only the signer, not the oath. The Demarest family of Bergen County illustrated the same divided loyalty: David Demarest, a Loyalist, joined the British while his wife and son served the Patriot cause. When confiscation laws were applied, the family home was seized because it stood in the husband's name, leaving a Patriot wife and son without recourse, a stark illustration of how Revolutionary-era laws failed to protect women.

New Jersey was home to a mixed economy (agrarian, ironworks, and lumber) and it was a place where contradictory views regarding race, class, gender, and loyalty played out in conflicts throughout the state, earning the nickname, the “Crossroads of the American Revolution.” When independence came in July 1776, the state faced extraordinary military pressure as British and Hessian troops massed nearby, and it saw more battles on its soil than any other state. Allegiances shifted constantly—even Declaration signer Richard Stockton briefly swore an oath to the Crown—and at times Loyalists outnumbered Patriots. The state, like all others, embodied a stark contradiction regarding liberty. Colonists decried British “slavery” while enslaving thousands. Enslaved men like Cudjo Banquante won freedom through service, while others such as Colonel Tye fought for the British. 

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About

How was national independence anticipated, debated, and enacted in each of the original 13 states during the American Revolution?

How has national independence, particularly the ideas articulated in the Declaration of Independence, been remembered and invoked over the last 250 years?

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