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North Carolina | Perspective

Elected officials

Interviewees:
  • Sally Bloom
    • Curator of Distance Education, North Carolina Museum of History

By 1776, most of North Carolina's elected officials were Patriots leading the Provincial Council of Safety. The state's three Declaration signers—Joseph Hewes, John Penn, and William Hooper—were all born outside North Carolina but relocated for economic opportunity. All three were enslavers, a stark contradiction given their public commitment to liberty. Cornelius Harnett, though not a signer, was a very consequential Patriot leader. He helped found the Sons of Liberty in North Carolina, helped with the destruction of Fort Johnston, and is believed to have read the Declaration aloud in Halifax on August 1, 1776. Massachusetts Patriot Josiah Quincy called Harnett the "Sam Adams of North Carolina."

By the 1770s North Carolina was home to roughly 300,000 people of diverse backgrounds. After Congress voted for independence, the Provincial Council of Safety ordered the Declaration proclaimed across the state and formally recognized North Carolina as independent in August 1776. Its three signers—Joseph Hewes, John Penn, and William Hooper—were all enslavers, in contradiction to the liberty they proclaimed. The state was divided: by default, most residents of European background were loyal to the King. Over time, most individuals, families, and communities chose or were required to choose positions regarding the growing opposition to British rule. Highland Scots in the backcountry were called out for their oaths of loyalty to the Crown. Women like Penelope Barker asserted themselves politically, hundreds of men of color served the Patriot cause, and the Cherokee resisted settler encroachment, while the Catawba allied with the Patriots. North Carolina proudly asserts its claim to “First in Freedom,” because of an early Revolutionary milestone, the Halifax Resolves.

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How was national independence anticipated, debated, and enacted in each of the original 13 states during the American Revolution?

How has national independence, particularly the ideas articulated in the Declaration of Independence, been remembered and invoked over the last 250 years?

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