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North Carolina | Theme

Declaration

Interviewees:
  • Sally Bloom
    • Curator of Distance Education, North Carolina Museum of History

After learning of the Continental Congress's vote, North Carolina's Provincial Council of Safety resolved on July 22, 1776, that the Declaration be "proclaimed in the most public manner" by committees of safety statewide. On July 27, it scheduled a public reading in Halifax for August 1, and on August 6 appointed two militia colonels to read the Declaration in Cumberland County, home to many Highland Scots Loyalists, with specific instructions to convey Congress's treason resolves. On August 9 the Council formally recognized North Carolina as an independent state. It is worth noting the Patriot victory at Moores Creek Bridge in February of 1776 was a crucial moment in building solidarity in North Carolina around the prospect of state and national independence.

By the 1770s North Carolina was home to roughly 300,000 people of diverse backgrounds. After Congress voted for independence, the Provincial Council of Safety ordered the Declaration proclaimed across the state and formally recognized North Carolina as independent in August 1776. Its three signers—Joseph Hewes, John Penn, and William Hooper—were all enslavers, in contradiction to the liberty they proclaimed. The state was divided: by default, most residents of European background were loyal to the King. Over time, most individuals, families, and communities chose or were required to choose positions regarding the growing opposition to British rule. Highland Scots in the backcountry were called out for their oaths of loyalty to the Crown. Women like Penelope Barker asserted themselves politically, hundreds of men of color served the Patriot cause, and the Cherokee resisted settler encroachment, while the Catawba allied with the Patriots. North Carolina proudly asserts its claim to “First in Freedom,” because of an early Revolutionary milestone, the Halifax Resolves.

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About

How was national independence anticipated, debated, and enacted in each of the original 13 states during the American Revolution?

How has national independence, particularly the ideas articulated in the Declaration of Independence, been remembered and invoked over the last 250 years?

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