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North Carolina | Perspective

Women

Interviewees:
  • Sally Bloom
    • Curator of Distance Education, North Carolina Museum of History

North Carolina's Revolutionary women demonstrated distinct political assertiveness. Penelope Barker likely organized the Edenton Tea Party in which 51 women signed a resolve supporting the North Carolina First Provincial Congress’s boycott of British goods and sent it to London's Morning Chronicle and London Advertiser. This event is widely considered the first organized political action by women in the colonies. Jane Spurgeon, whose Loyalist husband abandoned the family for Canada following the war, petitioned the General Assembly three times for title to her home, claiming the "common rights of citizens," a radical assertion for a woman of that era, and ultimately received 400 acres. Temperance Austin personally negotiated the surrender of her household to Loyalist militia leader David Fanning during a three-hour battle at her home in 1781, sparing her husband and his Patriot militiamen. House-in-the-Horseshoe, where this standoff took place, still stands as a North Carolina State Historic Site.

By the 1770s North Carolina was home to roughly 300,000 people of diverse backgrounds. After Congress voted for independence, the Provincial Council of Safety ordered the Declaration proclaimed across the state and formally recognized North Carolina as independent in August 1776. Its three signers—Joseph Hewes, John Penn, and William Hooper—were all enslavers, in contradiction to the liberty they proclaimed. The state was divided: by default, most residents of European background were loyal to the King. Over time, most individuals, families, and communities chose or were required to choose positions regarding the growing opposition to British rule. Highland Scots in the backcountry were called out for their oaths of loyalty to the Crown. Women like Penelope Barker asserted themselves politically, hundreds of men of color served the Patriot cause, and the Cherokee resisted settler encroachment, while the Catawba allied with the Patriots. North Carolina proudly asserts its claim to “First in Freedom,” because of an early Revolutionary milestone, the Halifax Resolves.

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How was national independence anticipated, debated, and enacted in each of the original 13 states during the American Revolution?

How has national independence, particularly the ideas articulated in the Declaration of Independence, been remembered and invoked over the last 250 years?

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