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Maryland | Perspective

Women

Interviewees:
  • Martina Kado
    • Vice President of Research and France-Merrick Director of the H. Furlong Baldwin Library, Maryland Center for History and Culture

Mary Katharine Goddard, a Baltimore printer and the city’s first woman postmaster, played a singular role in the dissemination of the Declaration of Independence. In January 1777, as the Continental Congress convened in Baltimore to escape the British threat to Philadelphia, Goddard was invited to print the first version of the Declaration to include the names of all signatories. By affixing her own name to the broadside as printer, she committed an act that could have been prosecuted as treason—demonstrating both extraordinary courage and a visionary sense of historical significance. The Maryland Center for History and Culture holds a copy of this broadside. Goddard also published the Maryland Journal, and Baltimore Advertiser throughout the revolutionary period.

Pre-Revolutionary Maryland centered on Annapolis and increasingly on a fast-growing Baltimore, as the colony’s tobacco economy gradually shifted toward the grain trade and shipping. The colony issued its own declaration of independence on July 6, 1776, and later required free men to swear an Oath of Fidelity to the Patriot cause. Its four signers—Charles Carroll, Samuel Chase, William Paca, and Thomas Stone—were among Maryland's largest enslavers, embodying the Revolution's central contradiction. Baltimore printer Mary Katharine Goddard risked treason by putting her own name on the first broadside listing all the signers. More than one hundred African Americans served in integrated Maryland units and Indigenous communities like the Piscataway, Pocomoke, and Nanticoke endured on the colony's margins. Maryland's memory of independence unfolded across generations of public readings, toasts, and commemorations.

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About

How was national independence anticipated, debated, and enacted in each of the original 13 states during the American Revolution?

How has national independence, particularly the ideas articulated in the Declaration of Independence, been remembered and invoked over the last 250 years?

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