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Maryland | Perspective

Indigenous people

Interviewees:
  • David Armenti
    • Vice President of Education and Engagement, Maryland Center for History and Culture

Significant Native American populations remained within Maryland’s colonial boundaries in the 1770s, including the Piscataway in southern Maryland and the Nanticoke on the Eastern Shore, both living largely in isolated, separate communities. Many were likely recorded as something other than “Indian” and some may have even hidden their identities. Their military participation and civilian contributions during the Revolution are not yet well documented. Researchers, from and in collaboration with Indigenous community organizations, are actively working to uncover and tell more of these stories as the commemorations of the Revolution continue.

Pre-Revolutionary Maryland centered on Annapolis and increasingly on a fast-growing Baltimore, as the colony’s tobacco economy gradually shifted toward the grain trade and shipping. The colony issued its own declaration of independence on July 6, 1776, and later required free men to swear an Oath of Fidelity to the Patriot cause. Its four signers—Charles Carroll, Samuel Chase, William Paca, and Thomas Stone—were among Maryland's largest enslavers, embodying the Revolution's central contradiction. Baltimore printer Mary Katharine Goddard risked treason by putting her own name on the first broadside listing all the signers. More than one hundred African Americans served in integrated Maryland units and Indigenous communities like the Piscataway, Pocomoke, and Nanticoke endured on the colony's margins. Maryland's memory of independence unfolded across generations of public readings, toasts, and commemorations.

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  • Connecticut
  • Delaware
  • Georgia
  • Maryland
  • Massachusetts
  • New Hampshire
  • New Jersey
  • New York
  • North Carolina
  • Pennsylvania
  • Rhode Island
  • South Carolina
  • Virginia

Perspectives

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  • African Americans
  • Loyalists
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About

How was national independence anticipated, debated, and enacted in each of the original 13 states during the American Revolution?

How has national independence, particularly the ideas articulated in the Declaration of Independence, been remembered and invoked over the last 250 years?

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