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Rhode Island | Perspective

Elected officials

Interviewees:
  • C. Morgan Grefe
    • Executive Director, Rhode Island Historical Society
  • Richard Ring
    • Senior Director for Library & Museum Collections, Rhode Island Historical Society

Rhode Island politics before the Revolution were defined by a decades-long rivalry between the Hopkins faction, centered in Providence and allied with the Browns, and the Ward faction, centered in Newport and allied with the Greenes of Warwick. Governor Joseph Wanton, elected in 1769, was eventually removed after the General Assembly declared his conduct since the 1775 Battle of Lexington and Concord hostile to the rights and liberties of America. Nicholas Cooke of Providence replaced him. Stephen Hopkins, a four-time governor and fellow delegate, became Rhode Island's most celebrated signer, remembered for declaring, despite his palsy: “My hand trembles, but my heart does not.”

Rhode Island's Revolutionary identity grew from its 1663 Royal Charter, which enshrined separation of church and state and a remarkable degree of self-governance. A fiercely independent, merchant-driven colony, Rhode Island challenged British authority early—from Stephen Hopkins's pamphlets to the burning of the Gaspee in 1772—and renounced allegiance to the King on May 4, 1776, two months before Congress declared independence. When the Declaration arrived in Rhode Island, it was reprinted and sent to all thirty-nine town clerks to be read aloud and was celebrated with thirteen volleys and thirteen toasts. Bristol has hosted the nation's longest continuously running Fourth of July celebration since 1785. Other historical items of note: women organized the Providence Tea Party; Newport anchored the colony's Loyalists; and Rhode Island—with New England's highest proportion of enslaved people—formed the First Rhode Island Regiment of African Americans and Indigenous men. The regiment fought in several major battles, including the Battle of Yorktown.

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  • African Americans
  • Loyalists
  • Indigenous people
  • Elected officials

About

How was national independence anticipated, debated, and enacted in each of the original 13 states during the American Revolution?

How has national independence, particularly the ideas articulated in the Declaration of Independence, been remembered and invoked over the last 250 years?

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