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New Jersey | Theme

Context

Interviewees:
  • Linda Caldwell Eps
    • President and CEO, 1804 Consultants
  • James Amemasor
    • Research Specialist, New Jersey Historical Society

New Jersey in 1775-1776 was home to a mixed economy (agrarian, ironworks, and lumber) that supplied the Revolution. It was also a place where contradictory views regarding race, class, gender, and loyalty played out in conflicts throughout the state, earning the nickname, the “Crossroads of the American Revolution.” New Jersey’s geography, with the British Navy occupying Sandy Hook and Staten Island for much of the war, kept Patriot sentiment complicated throughout the conflict. New Jersey was at once a northern and a southern state. Its lower tip reached below Baltimore, allowing slaveholding culture to take root alongside northern sensibilities. The state thus, like all others, embodied a fundamental contradiction: colonists invoking metaphorical “abject slavery” to describe British rule while themselves enslaving thousands.

New Jersey was home to a mixed economy (agrarian, ironworks, and lumber) and it was a place where contradictory views regarding race, class, gender, and loyalty played out in conflicts throughout the state, earning the nickname, the “Crossroads of the American Revolution.” When independence came in July 1776, the state faced extraordinary military pressure as British and Hessian troops massed nearby, and it saw more battles on its soil than any other state. Allegiances shifted constantly—even Declaration signer Richard Stockton briefly swore an oath to the Crown—and at times Loyalists outnumbered Patriots. The state, like all others, embodied a stark contradiction regarding liberty. Colonists decried British “slavery” while enslaving thousands. Enslaved men like Cudjo Banquante won freedom through service, while others such as Colonel Tye fought for the British. 

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  • New York
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About

How was national independence anticipated, debated, and enacted in each of the original 13 states during the American Revolution?

How has national independence, particularly the ideas articulated in the Declaration of Independence, been remembered and invoked over the last 250 years?

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