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Delaware | Theme

Context

Interviewees:
  • Charles Fithian
    • Delaware Archeologist, Delaware Historical Society
  • Joseph Sullivan
    • Welcome Center Supervisor, Delaware Public Archives

Delaware was one of early America's most culturally layered regions, settled in succession by the Dutch, Swedish, and English, with people of African descent present from the 1620s and Indigenous Nations who had inhabited the land for millennia before. Its economy began with tobacco, shifted to grains and mixed husbandry, and proved highly productive. Administratively, Delaware occupied an unusual position. It was joined to Pennsylvania under a shared governor but maintained its own assembly from 1704, a semi-autonomy that bred frequent friction with the Penn government. This drive for self-determination shaped Delaware's distinctive path to independence. The colony had to make not one but two separations, from Pennsylvania on June 15, 1776, and from Britain itself weeks later. 

Delaware was a small but culturally layered colony—settled in turn by the Dutch, Swedish, and English—that had to declare independence twice, separating first from Pennsylvania in June 1776 and then from Britain weeks later. Loyalism ran deep and was never fully suppressed, erupting in uprisings like the Black Camp Rebellion and making the conflict a genuine civil war within many communities. Delaware's leaders—Caesar Rodney, George Read, Thomas McKean, and John Dickinson—often served without pay while building a new state. Women nursed soldiers, sewed uniforms, with many following the Delaware Regiment during the Revolutionary War. In some instances, their contributions were recorded by name.  Men of color served throughout the war despite no promise of freedom. The Revolutionary history of the Lenape and Nanticoke nations is poorly documented, and scholars are still at work trying to better understand the war’s impact on them.

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About

How was national independence anticipated, debated, and enacted in each of the original 13 states during the American Revolution?

How has national independence, particularly the ideas articulated in the Declaration of Independence, been remembered and invoked over the last 250 years?

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