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Georgia | Perspective

Loyalists

Interviewees:
  • Stan Deaton
    • Dr. Elaine B. Andrews Distinguished Historian, Georgia Historical Society
  • Christy Crisp
    • Vice President of Education and Programs, Georgia Historical Society

Georgia had an unusually high proportion of Loyalists, unsurprising given the colony’s youth, its dependence on British protection, and its frontier anxieties. After independence, the state legislature passed confiscation acts seizing Loyalist property and impressment acts extracting percentages of property values. Yet one of the most striking aspects of Georgia’s Loyalist story is reintegration: by 1785, many Loyalists who had not been flagrantly violent returned home, with some serving in the Georgia militia. Old animosities faded, and former Loyalists were eventually folded back into civic life, celebrating July 4th alongside the Patriots they had once opposed. Governor James Wright was the most prominent exception—he died in London, having lost everything, buried in Westminster Abbey, never able to return to the colony he had served for over two decades.

Georgia was the youngest of the thirteen colonies. Founded in 1733 and still heavily dependent on British protection, Loyalism was unusually strong, especially in the backcountry. Flanked by Spanish Florida and powerful Native nations, it was nearly a miracle that Georgia joined the Revolution at all rather than remaining in the Empire. However, by the time the Declaration of Independence reached Savannah in August 1776, attitudes had shifted such that a new radical state constitution was already in the works. The war proved profoundly disruptive. Many enslaved Black Georgians fled toward freedom and left with the British in 1782. Women held families together amid backcountry violence. And Native nations faced dispossession regardless of the outcome. After the war, many Loyalists were quietly reintegrated, eventually celebrating the Fourth of July alongside the Patriots they had once opposed.

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  • Loyalists
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  • Elected officials

About

How was national independence anticipated, debated, and enacted in each of the original 13 states during the American Revolution?

How has national independence, particularly the ideas articulated in the Declaration of Independence, been remembered and invoked over the last 250 years?

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